[Jamaica Sugar level Xiao Xiao and Deng Hongbo] 2015 Academy Seminar Summary
Summary of college seminars in 2015
Author: Xiao Xiao and Deng Hongbo
Source: “Journal of Nanchang Normal University” Issue 1, 2018
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Abstract: In 2015, college research maintained a good development trend and achieved fruitful results. According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, 26 academic works were published, 1 doctoral thesis, 38 master’s theses, 263 journal papers, and 4 conference papersJamaica Sugar Daddy and 60 newspaper articles. Discussions about academies from all walks of life are becoming more and more intense. Research on traditional academies continues to be in-depth. The excavation and application of new historical materials are becoming increasingly mature, and the perspectives of studying contemporary academies are becoming more diverse. However, the phenomenon of repeated topic selection and uneven quality in current research results should also attract the attention of the academic community.
Keywords: College research; college education; college regulation; contemporary college
The discussions and seminars in the academy in 2015 were very active and lively. The relevant content covered a wide range of topics and presented a very rich situation. According to incomplete statistics, in 2015, 26 academic works were published, 1 doctoral thesis, 38 master’s theses, 263 journal papers, 4 conference papers, and 60 newspaper articles. Compared with this year, although the number of journal articles dropped to less than 300, the number of dissertations exceeded 30, and there were 20 to 30 more newspaper articles than this year. Discussions about academies from all walks of life are becoming more and more intense. Academy research is no longer limited to history, education, architecture and other majors. Many new interdisciplinary studies have emerged, such as packaging design, translation, games and other disciplines that also incorporate perspectives. Enter the academy area. It can be seen that the scope of the college’s researchJamaicans Sugardaddy is getting wider and wider, and its influence is also getting bigger and bigger.
The academic works published in 2015 can be roughly divided into academic works and popular readings. The numbers are almost equal, with 13 works each. Academic research works also include college chronicles, research monographs and collections of papers, and their quantity and proportion have increased compared with this year. Wu Guofu’s “New Compilation of Bailudong Academy Chronicles” is divided into volumes such as history, architecture, characters, academic regulations, lecture notes, sacrificial scriptures, classics, academic field, poetry and miscellaneous records. It collects various matters closely related to Bailudong Academy. Documents, including ancient records and inscriptions. The book has a total of 14 volumes, with media and examples, and the style is standardized. The author also made precise annotations on the documents in the book, which is of high reference value. Duanxi Academy Chronicles (two chapters) edited by Zhao Kesheng and Song Jigang”Zhong)” is the punctuation version of the two “Duanxi Academy Chronicles” in the Qing Dynasty. The first one was compiled by Zhao Jingxiang and is not divided into volumes. It should be a photocopy of “Nine Types of Zhugangzhai” in the 21st year of Jiaqing (1816). The second one is Edited by Fu Weisen, the seven-volume edition should be the engraving of Duanxi Academy in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900). This book reflects the history of Duanxi Academy, annual branches, sacrificial canons, academic regulations, art and literature, collection of books, etc. It is of great significance for studying the history of Guangdong Academy. However, the book does not include any collation media or examples, and it is not included in the book. The selected blueprint does not have any version information and is not very standardized. Although Zhao Tong’s “Nanjing Academy Chronicles” is called “Academy Chronicles”, it is actually a research monograph on Nanjing Academy. Nanjing Academy was an important center for the study of Confucian classics in the Qing Dynasty. It was founded by Huang Tifang during the Guangxu period, and then Huang Yizhou, Wang Xianqian and other Confucian classics lecturers successively gave lectures. The academy had no ambition, so Zhao Tong visited libraries all over the country, read hundreds of collections and biographies, and wrote this book. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes the history, scale and system of Nanjing College, the middle part describes the scholarship and education of the college, and the second part describes the characters of Nanjing College, showing some teachers and students in the common people in the late Qing Dynasty. Life events under the huge historical background of modern China. This book is meticulously researched, clearly organized, and retains detailed first-hand information. What is particularly worth mentioning is that this book contains a chapter titled “Jamaica Sugar Daddy Friends’ Record of Nanjing Academy Over the Years”, which includes The situation of the academy students from the ninth year of Guangxu (1883) to the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu (1903) and the two preparatory graduates from Nanjing Senior School in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906). The names, numbers, and place of origin of each student are recorded in detail. , achievements and other resume information are really valuable. This book is actually a “History of Nanjing Academy” and has high reference value for future research on Nanjing Academy. Lu Xiaojun’s “A Narrative of the Collection of Curriculum and Arts of the Colleges of the Qing Dynasty” is a monograph on the collection and research of the curriculum and arts of the colleges of the Qing Dynasty. It records 196 kinds of collections of the curriculum and arts of the colleges of the Qing Dynasty. The whole book is organized into three volumes based on regions. Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Jiangsu provinces have the largest collection of extant academies’ curriculum, with one volume each. , one volume for the remaining provinces. The narrative of each collection also includes four parts: introduction to the academy, preface and postscript to the edition, course content, and author’s review. This book is divided into two volumes, upper and lower, and comes with media, examples, bibliography and name index. “Is this true?” Lan Mu asked in surprise. The style is standardized, the research is detailed, and it has high academic value. It is an indispensable material for studying academies and scholarship in the Qing Dynasty. Ma Xiaochun’s “History of Hangzhou Academy” takes the development process of Hangzhou academies as the main line, elaborating on the emergence of Hangzhou academies from the Tang Dynasty and then the development and evolution process through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. It not only introduces the model academies in Hangzhou in each period, but also Its phased characteristics are also summarized. Other studies on regional academies include “History of Guizhou Academy” by Zhang Yuqiong and “Research on Nanyang Regional Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties” by Ye Houpo.”, Wang Yurong’s “Research on the Academy of Southeast Guizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties”, etc. are all masterpieces of the academy’s research. The collection of paper materials includes “Journal of Korean Colleges” edited by the Korean College Society and “Research on Modern College Education in Colleges and Universities” edited by Zhang Jun and Wu Lixun. The former includes papers by 10 college researchers including Deng Hongbo, Li Xiaoyu, Zhu Hanmin, and Xu Zi, covering topics such as college education, regulation, and academics. The latter is a collection of papers accepted by the 2015 “Modern Academic Education Forum of Higher Education Institutions in Cross-Strait and Four Regions” and was printed and distributed by Beihang University Press.
As the interest in academies from all walks of life continues to rise, popular academies reading books for the general public are still very popular. Such readings include “China Academy” by Jiang Di 13 books including “A Brief History”, “Hakka Academy” by Zeng Lingcun, “The Scholars: A History of Guangzhou Academy” by Ye Shuming, and “A History of Xiamen Academy” by Li Qiyu. It is worth noting that the popular readings of Jamaicans Escort in 2015 include not only the brief history of the academy, but also the architecture of the academy. Cui Huihua’s “Chen’s “Academy (Chinese version)”, “Yuelu Academy (Chinese version)” by Yang Shenchu, “Three Major Academies in Jiangxi (Chinese version)” by Yao Cuo and “College Architecture (Chinese version)” by Yin Yongda are all produced by China Construction Industry Published by publishing house. This set of reading materials is based on careful assessment and painstaking research on the academy’s architecture, combined with beautiful pictures, to write about the academy’s historical setting, architectural style, architectural features, architectural civilization and other contents. The text is simple, illustrated and well-designed, and is published in both Chinese and English versions. , is a reading material suitable for researchers and enthusiasts of ancient architecture at home and abroad to read and collect.
A total of 306 journal articles, dissertations and conference papers were published in 2015, showing many new aspects of the college’s research. These papers can be roughly divided into two major themes: research on the history of traditional academies and academies and contemporary research.
1. Research on the history of traditional academies
Academies are The cultural education organization of Chinese scholars reborn in the Tang Dynasty was an inevitable choice for scholars to carry out activities such as collecting books, collating books, repairing books, writing books, carving books, reading, and teaching, etc., and carried out cultural accumulation, research, creation, and dissemination. result. The academy then experienced development and transformation in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and was finally transformed into an old-style school at the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the development history of academies for more than a thousand years, academies have their own characteristics in terms of teaching and regulation, and are inextricably linked with academics, society, and imperial examinations. At present, the research on the history of traditional academies is also JM Escorts mostly centered around these themes, either elaborating on the historical evolution of academies, or discussing College teaching, or research on the relationship between the college and academics, imperial examinations, society,The relationship between officialdom and academia, or the discussion of regulations such as the collection of books in the academy and memorial ceremonies.
(1) Research on individual or group academies
In the field of traditional academy history research, discuss a certain academy Or a certain type of college has the largest number of papers. A certain type of school should refer to a specific era, or a specific region, or a specific type of school, and most of it is an examination of its historical evolution and rise and fall. Wu Haisheng’s “Review of Anhui Academy in the Song Dynasty” takes the establishment and development of Anhui academies in the Song Dynasty as the research object. He believes that the earliest academy in Anhui is the Guizhi Academy founded in the fourth year of Jingde (1007) by Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, and then discusses the establishment and development of Anhui academies in the Northern Song Dynasty. The historical evolution of Longchuan, Xiushan and other academies and Danyang, Tianmen, Ziyang and other academies in the Southern Song Dynasty. There were 30 colleges established in Anhui during the Song Dynasty, of which only 4 were government-run; 5 were founded in the Northern Song Dynasty and 25 were founded in the Southern Song Dynasty. Through research on the number and development of Anhui academies, Wu Haisheng concluded that Anhui academies showed the following development characteristics during the Song Dynasty: different founding periods, uneven distribution, uneven scale, diverse founders, and mostly located in secluded places in mountains and forests. and teaching consequences are significant. Xiao Xiong’s “Analysis of Yunnan Academies in the Ming Dynasty – Focusing on the Yunnan Frontier Chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties” collects 31 local chronicle materials in Yunnan, such as Zhengde’s “Yunnan Chronicles”, Wanli’s “Yunnan General Chronicles”, and Tianqi’s “Dian Chronicles” , Chongzhen’s “Rebuilding Dengchuan Prefecture Chronicles”, Kangxi’s “Yunnan Prefecture Chronicles”, “Yimen County Chronicles”, “Songming Prefecture Chronicles”, “Lufeng County Chronicles”, “Luoci County Chronicles”, “Langqiong County Chronicles”, Qianlong’s “Shiping Prefecture Chronicles”, etc. Research has shown that the construction of academies in Yunnan during the Ming Dynasty should have begun during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, and should have first emerged in the western Yunnan area with Dali as the center. In terms of the number of academies built, the academies built in various places in Yunnan throughout the Ming Dynasty can be roughly determined as 78. The construction of colleges in Yunnan during the Ming Dynasty was roughly in sync with the construction of colleges across the country at that time. College construction areas were concentrated, and colleges were generally built on the initiative of local officials. The construction of colleges in Yunnan during the Ming Dynasty was also related to Wang Xue’s entry into Yunnan. Gu Jiandi’s “Banner Academy in the Qing Dynasty” noted that Jamaicans Escort the development of the Banner Academy in the Qing Dynasty was extremely closely related to the garrison literary examination policy relationship. In the late Qing Dynasty, garrison literary examinations were banned, so there were very few banner academies; only in the middle and early Qing Dynasty, when garrison literary examinations were allowed, banner academies grew rapidly. In the late Qing Dynasty, the teaching in Banner Academy focused on Qing language, riding and shooting, while in the middle and early Qing Dynasty, it focused on Chinese language. There are differences between the Banner Academy and the Eight Banner Official School in terms of teachers, funding sources, and teaching content. They are also different from academies in other minority areas in terms of initial establishment time, establishment goals, and final results. The article also puts forward a clear theme at the end. It is the general trend for multi-ethnic cultures to communicate and integrate with each other, and it is unfeasible to restrict banner people from learning Chinese culture.
(2) Academy Teaching
The academy is a civilized education organization for scholars, teachingJamaica Sugar Daddy Academic efficiency has also received increasing attention in the history of academy development, and has had a major impact on the development of modern education and academic civilization in China. According to Li Caidong’s discussion, College education refers to a form of special education organization that is mainly privately established or managed, adds a certain number of books, and gathers students for lectures and research. Many characteristics and valuable experience accumulated in the college education model are naturally the same. The focus of research on the history of traditional academies, but here we only discuss research papers related to modern academy education, including teaching effectiveness, teaching activities, academic rules and regulations, academy curriculum, teacher-student management, etc. The academy nodded to him, He looked at her deeply, then turned around and left again. This time he really left without looking back. The influence of contemporary teaching will be explained later.
Those who directly discussed the teaching effectiveness of academies include “A Preliminary Study on the Teaching Efficacy of Hubei Academy” and Tian Jingchun’s “On Academy Teaching in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties”. Bai Juncai believed that “the educational goals of Hubei academies based on the imperial examination were Hubei has cultivated a large number of potential talents; the educational philosophy based on the inheritance of academics maintains a high degree of consistency in the ideological development of Hubei and the country; the educational purpose of the college, which is based on understanding, practice and application, ensures that college education does not become formal; Educational practice with self-cultivation as the content ensures the quality of talent training in colleges.” Tian Jingchun explored the imbalance of the distribution of colleges in Yunnan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, revealed the relationship between local economic society and college education, and then discussed college teaching The content, charter, regulations, etc. operate in specific time and space situations, aiming to explain the effectiveness and impact of academy teaching.
Hu Qing’s ” “Review of Chinese Studies Teaching in Jiangxi Academy of the Qing Dynasty”, this article explores Sinology and the teaching of Jiangxi Academy by examining the lectures given by Sinology scholars Jiang Yong, Gu Zhen, Zheng Zhiqiao, Wang Chang, Ruan Yuan, and Pi Xirui in the Qing Dynasty Academy. Dong Chen’s “Zhu Xi’s Criticism of “Qianlu Literary Style” – Taking Academy Teaching as the Center” analyzes the reasons for the weak Sinology in Jiangxi academies in the Qing Dynasty. , combined with the discussion and analysis of Zhu Xi’s teaching activities and related experiences in the academy, it emphasized the main influence of the academy on Kuangzheng’s academic style. Zhang Jinsong’s “An Examination of the Beginning of the Teaching Activities of Bailudong Academy in the Ming Dynasty” uses the academic field as an assessment clue to prove the Ming Dynasty. There are three possibilities for the start of teaching activities in Bailudong Academy, namely the third year of Zhengtong (1438), the second year of Tianshun (1458) and the early year of Chenghua. How to determine the development time of teaching depends on the historian’s understanding of “teaching activities”. The definition of a concept.
College academic regulations have always been the focus of college education and research. “Efforts and Its Concept of Culture” discusses Shen Zengzhi’s efforts to establish Anhui Cungu School and its purpose of “expanding” Chinese quintessence.In order to maintain the ancient concept of returning to ancient times, Shen strongly advocated instilling Neo-Confucianism into students’ daily lives based on the traditional Chinese “academy schedule”, which has far-reaching reliance and care. At the same time, the article believes that Shen’s use of “Chinese law” to preserve “middle school” permeates the civilized view of “Chinese and Western learning each has its own purpose”, which is obviously different from the mainstream “Chinese style and Western use” view but has the same goal through different approaches. Zhang Jinsong’s “Supplement to the Academic Regulations of Jiangxi Academy (1)” and “Supplement to the Academic Regulations of Jiangxi Academy (2)” and Cai Huiqin’s “Supplement to the Academic Regulations of Jiangxi Academy (3)” are aimed at the “Collection of Academic Regulations of Chinese Academy of Sciences” published in 2011 Some omitted and uncollected Jiangxi academy rules and regulations were studied and verified, such as Kuiguang Academy’s rules and regulations, Renyi Academy’s rules and regulations, Peiyuan Academy’s rules and regulations, Li Ling’s “White Deer Cave Rules”, Yuzhang Academy’s establishment of Xiaolian Academy The articles of association, etc., examine the general situation of the academy, the content of academic regulations and cited documents.
The Academy Curriculum is the work of the academy students’ examinations. It reflects the academy activities of many scholars in their early years, as well as the actual situation of the academy examinations, and the impact of academy education, academics and imperial examinations. The research has high historical value. Lu Xiaojun’s “Supplementary List of Curriculum Arts of Jiangsu Academy in Qing Dynasty” and “Collection of Curriculum Arts: “Books, Newspapers” and “Collections” of Academy in Qing Dynasty” are representative works on this topic. The former writes summaries one by one of the 32 Jiangsu academy curriculum arts that are not recorded in Xu Yanping’s “Summary of Southeast Academy Curriculum Arts in the Qing Dynasty” as a supplement. The latter discussed the Qing Dynasty’s collection of lessons and arts from five aspects: publication period and funding, publication cycle and manuscripts, propositions and comments, publication and plaques, manuscript fees and reprinting, and believed that it had the attribute of a continuous publication and could be called an academy “Journal” and “Journal”.
The teacher’s birthday is often celebrated. Song Junji’s “Research and Enlightenment on the Internal Structure of Ming and Qing Colleges and the Teacher Preparatory System” takes teachers in Ming and Qing colleges as the research object and discusses issues such as teachers’ selection activities, salary status, daily life, teaching activities, and extracurricular activities. Many suggestions were put forward for the future direction of my country’s teacher team construction. Xue Minglei’s “Research on Student Management in Modern Colleges” takes student management as the starting point and believes that modern colleges attach great importance to this. The selection of mountain directors emphasizes both ability and political integrity, management personnel are mostly participated by students and students, and enrollment and employment are relatively unrestricted. Comprehensive coverage of scholarships and student aid, relatively strict daily management, campus culture that attaches great importance to culture and educationJamaicans Sugardaddy, and moral education that attaches great importance to rituals and role models, all of these are It can serve as a reference for student management in modern universities.
(3) The relationship between academies and academics, society and politics
As a carrier of academic communication, the academy’s teaching orientation Often reflects the academic trends at the time. Deng Hongbo’s “The Propagation of Wang Xue in Yuelu Academy” discusses Wang Yangming and his disciples in Yuelu AcademyThe travels and lectures in the academy reflect the inextricable connection between Wang Xue and the academy. Xu Ai, Ji Ben, Zou Shouyi, Luo Hongxian, Wang Qiaoling, Luo Rufang, Zhang Yuanhui, Zou Yuanbiao and others successively lectured on Yuelu, making it the main forum for Wang’s studies. Although Wang Yangming never lectured on Yuelu, it actually started the Ming Dynasty. The glorious gate that once again unites the academy and scholarship heralds the coming of the era of royal learning in the academy. Zhang Xu’s article “On Shi Huang’s Contribution and Influence to Huizhou Neo-Confucianism and Academy Civilization in the Early Qing Dynasty”, in view of the fact that there are not many research results on Huizhou Neo-Confucian intellectuals in the early Qing Dynasty, Shi Huang was used as the starting point to discuss his active participation in detail. With his experience in Ziyang Academy and Huangu Academy, he not only participated in the construction of the academy, but also advocated the academy’s lectures. He also emphasized Zhu Xi’s studies in the academy’s setting of worship services and lecture protocols to establish the dominant position of traditional Neo-Confucianism in the academy. At the same time, Shi Huang’s academy activities also reflected the efforts made by Huizhou Neo-Confucian scholars in the process of eliminating the influence of psychological studies and revitalizing Zhu Xi’s studies.
As a unique civilized education organization, the academy has had a major impact on all aspects of society. Its social education effect is “of course!” Lan Mu did not hesitate. said. Ability is even more indispensable. Xiao Yongming’s “College Civilized Space with Integration of Etiquette and Customs” mainly examines the integration of etiquette and customs in the academy’s cultural space from two aspects: academy architecture and academy memorials, reflecting the social education role of the academy. The academy attaches great importance to creating a cultural space full of Confucian flavor, aiming to use Confucian ideas at the elite civilization level to influence and standardize the popular culture at the customs level. Tan JM Escorts “The Printing and Publishing of Yinghua College and the Communication between Chinese and Western Civilizations” by Tan Shulin reminds us of the printing and publishing activities of Yinghua College by discussing the printing and publishing activities of Yinghua College. Its important significance to the communication between Chinese and Western civilizations in modern times not only promoted Christian missionary work in China to a certain extent, greatly deepened the East’s understanding of China, but also made a significant contribution to the introduction and promotion of Chinese movable type printing. , which promoted the advancement of printing technology and the establishment of modern publishing institutions in China and even other parts of the world. Also exploring this theme are Zhao Xiaole’s “On the Role and Influence of the Academy on Social Education in the Song Dynasty”, Chen Shangmin’s “Local Reasons for the Development of Gansu Academy in the Qing Dynasty”, etc.
Throughout the development history of the academy Jamaicans Sugardaddy, official influence has always occupied a dominant position , which is not only reflected in the process of official education and restructuring of academies, but also reflected in the imperial examinations. Therefore, Jamaicans Escort academies also have a relationship with politics. Deep-rooted connections. Lei Jing’s “On the Negative Influence of the Official Academicization of academies in the Qing Dynasty” believes that the official academicization of academies in the Qing Dynasty was the main reason for the demise of the academies.Depend on. The special composition of the ruling class in the Qing Dynasty determined that in the process of pursuing the officialization of academies, they attached great importance to strengthening their control over academies with ideology, which resulted in inevitable problems in the academies’ educational content, educational mechanisms, and many other aspects. Rigid. Li Bing’s “Examination-Reading Instructions through Clichés: An Important Direction for the Reform of Academy in the Qing Dynasty” explores the relationship between the reform of academies and the recruitment of scholars through clichés, and points out that criticism of the shortcomings of recruiting scholars through clichés promoted the transformation of academies. The abolition of Wen directly promoted the restructuring of the academy. Lu Yin’s “The Controversy of Reorganization of Lianghu Academies in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Struggle over Academic Tradition” takes the restructuring of Lianghu Academy in Hubei as the starting point, but the focus is on the influence of the inherent “academic tradition” consciousness in the disturbance of reorganization. It takes Liang Dingfen, Yang Yufen and Focusing on the dispute over Kuai Guangdian’s Confucian classics, this paper explores how the old and new scholars who were affiliated with the governor’s shogunate adapted to changes in the internal situation based on their own inherent knowledge structures during the tug-of-war between Chinese and Western scholarship in the late Qing Dynasty, and then proposed different paths to introduce new learning. .
(4) College Regulation
The college entered the stage of institutionalization during the Southern Song Dynasty. The discussion of regulations has always been a hot topic in academic circles, such as the collection of books in academies, memorial ceremonies, and funding. Wei Ke’s “Research on Book Collecting Activities in Colleges during the Song and Yuan Dynasties” discusses the types, sources, and book management systems of book collections in colleges. He believes that book collection in colleges in the Song Dynasty is not only an important symbol of the development of modern private schools in my country, but also fully embodies the development of modern private schools in China. It reflects the characteristics of combining teaching and research in modern advanced education. At the same time, it was also pointed out that the book collection system in various aspects of the academies in the Song and Yuan Dynasties was not perfect. Compared with the book collection activities in the academies during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the book collection activities in the Song and Yuan academies were only in their infancy. Wang Li’s “Collection of Books in Han Academies and Tibetan Monasteries from the Perspective of Educational Culture” takes into account that both Han academies and Tibetan monasteries have similar educational and cultural functions, objective conditions, social background, sources of book collection, religious and cultural background, etc. etc. Therefore, from the perspective of educational civilization, we try to compare the similarities and differences between the two collections of books, in order to explain the historical value and practical significance of the collection of books in Han academies and Tibetan temples from this dimension.
One of the books that discusses academy memorials is Zhu Hanmin’s “Academic Temples and Academic Traditions of Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty”. Zhu Hanmin pointed out that although academies had special memorial spaces in the Northern Song Dynasty, the ability of academy memorials to truly have their own characteristics is closely related to the development of academic thoughts and educational concepts in academies in the Southern Song Dynasty, especially the academic concept of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. It has had a profound impact on the characteristics of the college’s memorial system.
Academy funds are the basis for the survival and development of the academy, which generally exist in the form of academic fields. Zhang Xianyun’s “A Discussion of the Funding of Henan Academy in the Qing Dynasty – Taking the Academy Inscriptions as a Perspective” explores the source and use of the funding of Henan Academy in the Qing Dynasty through the interpretation of the academy inscriptions. The article pointed out that funding mainly comes in the form of donations or cash allocations, and land grants or donations are rare. They mainly come from official allocations, private donations, and self-raised funds by colleges and universities. The expenses of the college are used for infrastructure and daily consumption, as well as income for cultivating scholars and teaching management.The occupation of important departments reflects the fine tradition of modern academies respecting teachers and valuing education. Wang Yuliang’s “Introduction to the Sources of Local School Funding in Hebei in the Qing Dynasty” also discusses the funding sources of academies. However, the research objects are not limited to academies, but also local institutions such as social studies and volunteer schools. By discussing their widely varying methods of running schools and the number of school fields, The differences and different management methods reflect the close relationship between the survival and decline of local schools and the attention and funding levels of the officials, gentry, justice and the people. Donating money and land has become an important factor for these schools to maintain daily expenses and school building repairs. Even a key source of funding.
2. The academy and contemporary times
The academy is China’s Although the unique modern civilization education organizations have gradually declined in modern times, contemporary academies have quietly emerged as the carrier of Chinese civilization. At the same time, the influence of traditional academies on contemporary society has become increasingly important. At present, the discussion on the theme of “College and Modernity” is basically centered on the discussion of contemporary colleges, the enlightenment of colleges on contemporary education, the study of modern university college system, college spirit and contemporary society, colleges and contemporary public cultural services, college architectural landscape and other topics. Interdisciplinary “Miss, are you awake? There is a maid to wash you.” A maid in second-class maid uniform came in with toiletries and said to her with a smile. to discuss these issues.
(1) JM Escorts Discussion on Contemporary Colleges
He Li’s “Analysis and Promotion of Chinese Studies Education Model of Xiamen Yuandang Academy” regards Xiamen Yuandang Academy as the modern JM EscortsJM EscortsA model of Dai Academy. As a public welfare cultural institution established with corporate investment and supported by the Xiamen Municipal Government, Yuandang Academy aims to promote and spread Chinese traditional culture and was officially put into use in July 2009. This article discusses the background of Yuandang Academy, analyzes the form of Chinese studies education in the academy, and outlines its form as “one center” and “four combinations”, and finally puts forward four suggestions for the long-term development of the academy. Yuandang Academy’s successful experience in combining Chinese studies research and educational activities is worthy of reference by contemporary academies. There are many discussions on contemporary academies, such as Zhu Hong’s “Strengthening the Protection and Application of Jiangxi Academy Civilization” and the “New Academy Series” published in “Open Era”: “Cihu Academy”, “Nishan Shengyuan Academy”, “Yuandao” Academy” and “Hongdao Academy” etc.
(2) The inspiration of the academy to modern education
Henan University Ge Mingyuan’s master’s degree thesis “White Deer in the Song Dynasty” A discussion on the contemporary value of teaching forms in Dong Academy – Discussing with reference to the current situation of high school Chinese teaching. Taking high school Chinese teaching as a case study, it discusses the Song DynastyThe contemporary value of Bailudong Academy. In the long process of development, Bailudong Academy has developed many characteristics that are different from those of official schools in terms of education management, curriculum, teaching methods, and teacher-student relationships. It has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents and laid the foundation for future academy construction and modern senior education. The development of education has provided valuable experience. Liu Xiaoling’s “Yuelu Academy’s Critical Thinking Cultivation Approach and Its Modern Significance” takes the ancient teaching methods of Yuelu Academy as the starting point, and believes that its teaching forms of “talking” and “telling”, and “questioning and asking questions” teaching The method and the “Reading Law” followed by college students have invisibly cultivated students’ critical thinking. Today, the education at Yuelu College can still provide some inspiration for the cultivation of critical thinking in today’s higher education, such as how to cultivate students’ critical consciousness, promote students’ critical thinking, and develop critical qualities.
Not only the teaching model, but also the funding model of the college has a great reference for modern universities. Xue Minglei’s “Sources of Funding for Modern Colleges and Inspiration for the Operation of Modern University Funds” believes that as the highest modern university in China, the funding sources of colleges are mainly divided into two types: donation expenditure and investment expenditure, and the revenue is stable and comes from a wide range of sources, which has become the development of the college. the main economic basis. Studying the funding sources of modern colleges has important reference significance for the operation of university funds: University funds should expand fundraising channels, expand fund scale, and Jamaicans Sugardaddy and the establishment of a dedicated governance body.
(3) Research on the modern college system
The modern college system inherits and develops the education of modern Chinese colleges Based on the advantages and experience of European and American residential colleges, we actively explore to comprehensively improve the quality of talent training, which is an education model that stimulates the endogenous motivation of students’ “whole-person” development. It can be seen from this that the college system of colleges and universities is actually an inspiration from colleges to the development of modern higher education. At present, research papers on the college system mainly focus on three aspects: the current situation and considerations of college system reform, college general education, and student management and development.
As for the current situation and thoughts on the reform of the college system, there are Chen Tingzhu’s “The Changing British Boarding Colleges and Their Enlightenment on the Reform of my country’s Senior College System”, Huang Hanchang’s “Current Situation and Thoughts on the Implementation of the Academy System in Domestic Universities”, Cui Lang’s “Overview and Thoughts on the Exploration of the “Academy System” in Chinese Universities”, etc. Regarding college general education, there are Zhang Hanqiang’s “College Class Construction and Practical Research Based on the Concept of General Education”, Liu Lina’s “Inspiration from the College-System General Education of the Chinese University of Hong Kong”, etc. Regarding student governance and development, there are Wang Xiaoyuan’s “Exploration of the Student Organizational Structure and Effectiveness under the College System” and Yu Aitao’s “Exploration of the College System Student Management Form from the Perspective of Contemporary Education”, etc.
(four) College Spirit and Modern Society
In August 2015, Han Xing, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences at Renmin University of China and dean of Xi’an Zhonghe College, and Hong Dao, a professor at Beihang University On the initiative of Yao Zhongqiu, Dean of the College, the college lecture event “Guanxue Spirit and Contemporary Society” jointly sponsored by Xi’an Zhonghe College, Beijing Hongdao College, Shaanxi Confucius Institute and Xi’an University of Arts and Sciences was held at Guanzhong College of Xi’an University of Arts and Sciences. More than a dozen people from all over the country attended More than 60 Guan studies experts, cultural scholars and some inheritors of folk studies from universities and scientific research institutions gathered at Guanzhong Academy to trace the historical footprints of Zhang Zai, Feng Congwu and other sages, renew the Chinese Taoist tradition and carry forward the culture of Guan studies energy. This is enough to show that thousands of years of college development have created a unique college humanistic spirit, which is of great benefit to the construction of spiritual civilization in today’s society.
In terms of papers, Hao Zhenjun’s “The Enlightenment of Modern Chinese College Spirit on the Cultivation of Modern University Spirit” explores the characteristics of modern Chinese college spirit and its impact on modern universities. The influence of energy composition. The article points out that the spirit of educating people, the harmonious teacher-student relationship, the natural and beautiful school environment, and the independent, open, and integrated teaching and research teaching model constitute the important content of the spirit of modern Chinese colleges. These spirits are of great significance to cultivating the spirit of modern universities: modern universities should put education first, establish a democratic and harmonious teacher-student relationship, optimize the school environment, and establish a teaching model that is independent, open, and integrated with teaching and research. , leading students to develop comprehensively and harmoniously with excellent university spirit.
(5) Academies and contemporary public civilized services
The development of contemporary academies is increasingly closely related to public civilized institutions. The most noteworthy among them is the “library + school” model. Since May 2014, the Shandong Provincial Department of Civilization has implemented the “library + academy” public civilized service model across the province, and built “Nishan Academy” using libraries at all levels as a platform to promote China’s excellent traditional civilization and vigorously Cultivating and practicing socialist core values has become a highlight of the national public civilization construction. Hua Dongjie’s “”Library + College” – Research on Public Civilized Service Models” believes that libraries and colleges exist at the same time in China. The institutional construction and culture of colleges are of great significance to library construction, and the professionalism of libraries Knowledge also drives the development of academies. By analyzing the background and feasibility of the “library + academy” service form, Huawen proposed solutions to issues such as funding and governance, discussed the impact and inspiration of this form on the development and construction of libraries in my country, and pointed out: “Library + Academy” public The form of civilized service combines the advantages of libraries and academies, and is conducive to better disseminating my country’s excellent historical civilization and serving readers.
(6) Academy Architectural Landscape Research
In recent years, the site selection and layout of traditional academies have been discussed from an architectural perspective. Conducting research has become the main direction of college research. Zhou ChunFang’s “Study on the Architecture of Shaanxi Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties” discusses the architectural characteristics of Shaanxi Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the aspects of regional distribution, site selection and architectural layout. He believes that its regional distribution is unbalanced, and its location selection shows that there is no special place for learning, and The site has no positioning, adaptability, few mountains and rivers and gardens, and the north-south facing, sunny and shady layout. In terms of building layout, it is generally small in scale, pays attention to symmetry and rigor, and focuses on practicality in terms of efficiency. The overall cultural characteristics of “simple and practical rather than flashy” reflected in the architecture of Shaanxi colleges in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have become an indispensable part of the rich college architectural treasures of the Chinese nation. Peng Changxin’s “The Creation of Guangya Academy in the Late Qing Dynasty—Zhang Zhidong’s Spatial Strategy: Site Selection, Layout and Gardening” discusses the spatial strategy reflected in the site selection, layout and garden design of Guangya Academy in Guangzhou, and points out: Guangzhou The architectural style of Ya Shuyuan not only creates a space format that inherits rituals and music and a natural and simple scholar’s garden style, but also realizes the pursuit of metaphorical artistic conception. It is the material manifestation of Zhang Zhidong’s thinking about “Chinese body and Western use”. In the late Qing Dynasty when oriental colonialism was prevalent, Guangya Academy, while rejecting oriental colonialism, displayed the civilized attitude of the scholar-bureaucrats in the early empire.
As a cultural and educational institution of traditional Chinese culture, the architectural layout and style of the academy not only contain strong cultural concepts, but also provide important reference for modern campus design. In order to explore how to solve the problem of the general lack of humanistic connotation in campus architectural design in the context of the new era, coordinate the conflicts between material needs and spiritual satisfaction, urban development and natural educational resources, and improve the relationship between schools and cities, Lei Muxi “Contemporary Reconstruction of Traditional Chinese Academy and Its Significance to the Development of Campus Architecture” starts from the architectural phenomenon of contemporary China, introduces the design practice of Zhengzhou Nantang Middle School, analyzes the reflection of the characteristics of the academy in the contemporary campus, and discusses the traditional The spatial characteristics and organizational methods of the academy are discussed, and the innate logic behind the “academy-style space” and its inspiration for contemporary campus architectural design are tried to propose a way to introduce the academy concept into the modern campus, inherit the spatial form of the traditional academy, and inject new ideas into the architectural design. “Humanistic concepts”, methods that respect local civilization, and architectural forms that preserve the characteristics of local civilization.
(7) Other interdisciplinary research
Research on the cultural industry in colleges is also a major hot spot this year, and New perspectives are constantly presented. In terms of game cultural resources and cultural and creative product design, there are Fang Xinglin’s “Research on the Protection and Application of Huizhou College Culture from the Perspective of Database Technology”, Du Lili’s “Research on the Cultural Innovation Strategy of Snow Mountain College”, and Wang Ning’s master’s degree from Hunan University Paper “Research on Design of Civilized and Creative Products of Yuelu Academy” etc. In the translation major, there are Wang Dongling’s master’s degree thesis “Qingcheng Academy” (Excerpt) Chinese-English Translation Practice Report from Southeast Normal University, and Shen Yu’s master’s degree thesis “Songyang Academy Accompanying Interpretation” from Henan University Report” and Hunan University Ren Jia’s master’s thesis “Report on the Practice of Tour Guide Interpretation”——Take the 2014 Yuelu Academy tour guide interpretation as an example” etc. In addition, there are Zhang Xincheng’s “Creation and Analysis of the Ancient Architecture Animation “Yoyou Luming·Bailudong Academy””, Zhang Liju’s “Analysis on the Localization Development of MOOC Based on the Spirit of the Academy”, and Wang Ru’s “A Preliminary Study on the Plant Culture of Yuelu Academy” “, Yan Shiguo’s “Thoughts on Combining Corporate Culture with Modern College Systems” and Hu Yaqian’s JM Escorts University of Central South Forestry Science and Technology Master’s thesis “Interior Space Reform Design of Changsha Academy International Youth Hotel”, the research fields involve animation creation, plant research, Professionals such as corporate culture and interior design.
3. Conclusion
In summary , although the number of college research in 2015 is not as good as before, it is a step further than before in terms of depth and breadth. The research on traditional academies continues to deepen, JM Escorts the excavation and application of new historical materials are becoming increasingly mature, and the perspective of research on contemporary academies has become richer and more diverse. As colleges receive more and more attention from all walks of life, many other majors have also penetrated research fields into the colleges, which is of great benefit to expanding college research. However, the phenomenon of repeated topic selection and uneven quality in current research results should also attract the attention of the academic community.
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Editor: Jin Fu